Radiocarbon Laboratory records
PU-Mu. 0070
- Creator(s)
-
Ralph, Elizabeth K.
- Date(s)
-
[inclusive] 1948-1985
- Call Number
- PU-Mu. 0070
- Physical Description
- Extent: 9.2 Linear Feet
- Language(s)
-
eng
The Radiocarbon Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania was founded in 1951, initiated by Froelich Rainey (Director of the Penn Museum, 1947-1977) who was a member of the original radiocarbon committee. The laboratory was conceived to assist Willard Libby of the University of Chicago by furnishing him with archaeological samples to assess the validity of radiocarbon dating. It was modeled on the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art at Oxford. The Radiocarbon Laboratory records consist of 40 boxes of records divided into seven series. Three of the series, Known Age, Finished Samples and Notebooks contain the data and results of the radiocarbon testing.
The Radiocarbon Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania was founded in 1951, initiated by Dr. Froelich Rainey (then the Director of the University Musuem) who was a member of the original radiocarbon committee. The laboratory was conceived as a way to assist Willard Libby of the University of Chicago by furnishing him with archaeological samples to assess the validity of radiocarbon dating. It was modeled on the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art at Oxford.
Elizabeth Ralph of the University Physics Department was suggested as the person to set up the laboratory and she accomplished this singlehandedly. Ralph used the solid carbon method of analysis also used by Professor Libby in Chicago. The physical location of the lab was shared by the Chemistry Building and the basement of the University Museum until 1956 when the lab was moved to the David Rittenhouse Laboratories. The lab's location in the basement of the building was planned to take advantage of the four floors of steel and concrete above it in the hopes this would prevent contamination and/or destruction in the event of Cold War bombing. The laboratory changed techniques in that same year, moving to the Ferguson CO2 gas proportional counting method. This extended the dating age range.
The first of many successful grant proposals began in 1956. These grants aided in building, installing and repairing new equipment in addition to field work.
Henry N. Michael Professor of Geography and Anthropology at Temple University became associated with the radiocarbon staff in 1959. He handled procurement, selection, preparation, tree-ring counting and finally, correlation of data. By 1960, work on dating the bristle cone pines from the White Mountains of California was begun.
During the first decade of its existence, the radiocarbon lab dated numerous samples from the Arctic, Afghanistan, Bolivia, Egypt, Guatemala, Pakistan, Peru and Turkey. Several publications emerged from the work notably "Radiocarbon Dating in the Arctic" (Rainey and Ralph, 1959) and "New Radiocarbon Dates and the Maya Correlation Problem." (Satterthwaite and Ralph, 1960)
In 1961, Elizabeth Ralph increased her duties with her appointment as Associate Director of MASCA. During this time Ralph conducted extensive instrument surveys throughout the United States and the world.
The Radiocarbon Laboratory was a training ground for student assistants who went on to professorships at major universities mainly becuse of the knowledge and experience gained in the lab under Ralph and Michael.
The Radiocarbon Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania was established in 1951. It was conceived from a 1949 committee on Carbon 14, by the American Anthropological Association. The purpose of this committee was to assist W.F. Libby in his development of the new radiocarbon dating techniques by supplying completely documented archaeological and geological samples for dating. Froelich Rainey was an active participant in this program and its later counterpart, MASCA.
MASCA or the Museum Applied Science Center for Archaeology was established in 1961 by a grant from the National Science Foundation. Dr. Elizabeth Ralph, of the Physics Department of the University of Pennsylvania, who was director of the Radiocarbon Laboratory almost since its inception, was appointed the director of MASCA in 1962. From the time of its inception in 1961, MASCA, along with the Radiocarbon Laboratory made a number of contributions to radiocarbon dating, including, but not limited to, breakthroughs in recalibration and dendrochronology.
The Radiocarbon Laboratory and MASCA have collaborated with a number of prestigious institutions including the Lerici Foundation in Rome, the Tree Ring Laboratory in Tucson and the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art at Oxford. The Radiocarbon Laboratory was dissolved in 1982, upon the retirement of Dr. Ralph; MASCA was not terminated until 26 years later in 2008. This collection contains considerable details on the early years of the Radiocarbon Laboratory and MASCA including reports on dating, correspondence with leading figures and research proposals. The specific records indentified as "Finished Samples" are a collection of data from archaeological and geological samples that were sent to MASCA and were dated. The sample data is arranged geographically (either by country or geographic region). The sample data, that did not include information on specific location, is arranged by general geographic region or the scientist and or excavator who is most closely associated with the sample or samples. Within the folders, the data is arranged by sample number and correspondence is arranged chronologically.
The staff made a number of changes to produce a more concise collection. These changes include the removal of scientific articles, newspaper clippings, brochures and other objects not pertinent to the integrity of the collection. Other changes to the collection include the consolidation of data from the same site and excavator as well as the separation of expansive documents into multiple folders. In some cases, the names of sites were changed to reflect contemporary changes in country names. Furthermore, a number of folders were rearranged to better conform to the geological arrangement of this collection. Reports, correspondence, descriptions of samples and the techniques employed to date the samples are included in the collection.
The collection consists of forty boxes of records. The materials are divided into seven series, three of which contain data processed by the laboratory from the time of its inception in 1952 to its close in 1985(?). The samples, included in this collection, are arranged, in notebooks, according to sample numbers. The notebooks are arranged according to Counter Number.
Publication Information: University of Pennsylvania: Penn Museum Archives,
Finding Aid Author:
Use Restrictions:
Corporate Name(s)
- MASCA
Personal Name(s)
- Aitken, Martin J.
- Fleming, Stuart J. (Stuart James), 1943-
- Kohler, Ellen L.
- Michael, Henry N., PhD
- Ralph, Elizabeth K.
- Rainey, Froelich, Director of the University Museum
- Libby, W.F. (Willard Frank)
- Stuckenrath, Robert
- DeVries, Keith
- Coon, Carleton S.
- Satterthwaite, Linton
Subject(s)
- Archaeological surveying
- Radiocarbon dating
- Thermoluminescence
- Dendrochonology
Collections Inventory
Correspondence
| 1948 | box 1 |
| 1949 (1 of 2) | box 1 |
| 1949 (2 of 2) | box 1 |
| 1950 (1 of 2) | box 1 |
| 1950 (2 of 2) | box 1 |
| 1951-1952 | box 1 |
| 1953-1957 | box 1 |
| 1958 | box 1 |
| 1959-1960 | box 1 |
| Radiocarbon Date Association 1959-1965 | box 1 |
| 1961-1963 | box 1 |
| U.S. Department of Agriculture-Wood samples 1961-1981 | box 1 |
| 1964-1970 | box 1 |
| 1971-1984 | box 1 |
| 1978-1982 (Fleming) | box 1 |
Administration
| Correspondence 1960-1962 | box 1 |
| Correspondence 1973-1983 | box 1 |
| W.B. Coleman & Co. invoices 1952-1954 | box 2 |
| Equipment correspondence 1950-1957 | box 2 |
| Equipment correspondence 1968-1981 | box 2 |
| Lab instructions to staff 1960-1973 | box 2 |
| Equipment-contamination | box 2 |
| Equipment-counters | box 2 |
| Equipment-counters-backgrounds 1963, 1970 | box 2 |
| Equipment-counters-backgrounds 1972-1985 | box 2 |
| Equipment-counters-circuits | box 2 |
| Equipment-counters-proportional | box 2 |
| Equipment-counters-scintillation | box 2 |
| Dilutions and Short Samples | box 2 |
| External Evaluation Panel 1966-1980 | box 2 |
| External Evaluation Panel 1982-1984 | box 2 |
Grants
| NSF G-5608 NSF Indirect Determination of C14 Known Age Samples (1956) | box 2 |
| NSF G-3281 Half Life of C14 (1957) | box 2 |
| NSF G-14094 C14 Measurements of Known Age Samples (1959) | box 2 |
| NSF GP-405 C14 Measurements of Known Age Samples (1959) | box 2 |
| NSF C14 Measurements of Known Age Samples (1964) | box 2 |
| NSF C14 Measurements of Known Age Samples and Experiments with Thermoluminescence and Electron Spin Resonance for C-14 Detection (1966) | box 2 |
| NSF GS-2716 C14 Measurements with Thermoluminescence (1969) (1 of 2) | box 2 |
| NSF GS-2716 C14 Measurements with Thermoluminescence (1969) (2 of 2) | box 3 |
| NSF GA 993 C14 Measurements with Thermoluminescence (1969) | box 3 |
| NSF Foundation for Studies of Modern Science, Inc. Supplementary (1969) | box 3 |
| NSF Empiric Approach to Measurements (1970) | box 3 |
| NSF 12572 NSF C14 Measurements of Known Age (1973) | box 3 |
| NSF 12572 C14 Measurements of Known Age Samples Renewal (1973) | box 3 |
| NSF EAR 14258 Modernization of Mass Spectrograph (1974-1976) | box 3 |
| DES 74-22233 C14 Measurements of Known Age Samples (1974) Renewal | box 3 |
| NSF C14 and C13/C12 Measurements of Known Age Samples and Laser Enrichment (1977) | box 3 |
| NGS National Geographic Society Search Bristlecones (1977) | box 3 |
| NSF EAR 78-23837 C14 and C13/C12 Measurements of Known-Age Samples (1978) | box 3 |
| NSF C14 Dating of Series of Archaeological Samples (1979) | box 3 |
| NSF EAR 76-83376 C14 Dating of a Series of Archaeological Samples (1980) | box 3 |
| NSF C14 and C13/C12 Measurements of Known Age Samples (1980) | box 3 |
| NSF 14C Dating of Tree-Ring Dated Bristlecone Pines…(1980) (rejected) | box 4 |
| NSF 14C Dating of Tree Ring Dated Bristlecone Pines (1980) | box 4 |
| Foundations – Miscellaneous (1980-1981) | box 4 |
| Linbergh Fund Preservation, Tree Ring Dating (1981) | box 4 |
| C14 Dating of Series of Archaeological and Bristlecone Pine Samples (1981) | box 4 |
| NSF The Effect of Fumarole Gases on the Stable Isotopes and Radiocarbon Ages of Nearby Trees (1980) | box 4 |
| NSF Radiocarbon Dating of Archaeological Samples (1982) | box 4 |
| Univ. Research Foundation Collection of Bristlecone Pine Samples for Tree Ring and Carbon 14 Dating…(1982) | box 4 |
| NSF Radiocarbon Dating of Archaeological Samples (1983) | box 4 |
Known Age
| Summaries (Obsolete Solid Carbon) (1952-1955) | box 4 |
| Historical vs. Tree Ring Dates (1958-1964) | box 4 |
| Calculations and Papers (1959-1960) | box 4 |
| Carbon 14 Measurements (1959-1968) | box 4 |
| Oaks (Counter IV) (1959-1970) | box 4 |
| Oaks (Counter I) (1959-1984) | box 4 |
| Oaks (Counter I) (1960) | box 4 |
| Charts (1960-1962) | box 4 |
| Kauris (1961) | box 4 |
| Hawaii (1964) | box 4 |
| Sequoia Exchanges and Others (1964-1975) | box 4 |
| Oaks (Counter II) (1965-1982) | box 4 |
| Bristlecone Pines (Date List VII) | box 4 |
| Sequoias Including Sapote (Date List VII) (1of 2) | box 4 |
| Sequoias Including Sapote (Date List VII) (2 of 2) | box 5 |
| Lebanon Cedars (1965) | box 5 |
| Bristlecones and Sequoias Summaries (1967-1969) | box 5 |
| Bristlecone and Sequoia Master Charts (n.d.) | box 5 |
| Sequoias (Date List XII) (1969?) | box 5 |
| Bristlecones (Date List XII) (1 of 2) | box 5 |
| Bristlecones (Date List XII) (2 of 2) | box 5 |
| Dates before Dates XII (Unpublished) | box 5 |
| C13/C12 Mass Spectrometer (1972-1976) | box 5 |
| Bristlecones and Sequoias (Date List XVI) | box 5 |
| Bristlecones (May 1973) Date List XVI | box 5 |
| Bristlecone Pines (7/18/73) Date List XVI | box 5 |
| Bristlecones – Floaters (Unpublished) (Jan-Feb 1973) | box 5 |
| Bristlecones (1974) | box 5 |
| Etna Midden (1974) | box 5 |
| Bristlecones (1975) | box 5 |
| Bristlecones – Not in Dates XVI (10/14/75) | box 5 |
| Oaks (Counter V) (1975-1981) | box 5 |
| Tree Ring Samples (1976) | box 5 |
| Interlaboratory Exchanges (1976-1979) | box 5 |
| Bristlecone Pines (May 1977) | box 5 |
| Bristlecones (1977) | box 5 |
| Tree Ring Samples (6/17/77) | box 5 |
| North Carolina Juniper (1977) | box 5 |
| Tree Ring Samples (1978) | box 5 |
| Interlaboratory Comparison Glasgow Lab (1979) | box 5 |
| Tree Ring Samples-6000-5300 B.C. (1979) | box 5 |
| Tree Ring Samples (1 of 2) (1979) | box 6 |
| Tree Ring Samples (2 of 2) (1979) | box 6 |
| Partial Calibration Tables (January 1979) | box 6 |
| Arizona Workshop (August 1979) | box 6 |
| Oaks- Recalculated (Counter II) (1979-1985) | box 6 |
| Tree Ring Laboratory 80 (1980) | box 6 |
| Bristlecone "Quickies" (1981) (1 of 2) | box 6 |
| Bristlecone "Quickies" (1981) (2 of 2) | box 6 |
| Tree Ring Samples "Quickies" (1982) (1 of 2]) | box 6 |
| Tree Ring Samples "Quickies" (1982) (2 of 2]) | box 6 |
| Oaks-Recalculated (Counter I) (1982-1984) | box 6 |
| Tree Ring Samples "Quickies" (1983) (1 of 2) | box 6 |
| Tree Ring Samples "Quickies" (1983) (2 of 2) | box 6 |
| Arbitrary Rings (1984) | box 6 |
| Tree Ring Samples "Quickies" (1984) | box 7 |
| Babocomari Village (1984) | box 7 |
| Requests to Tree Ring Laboratory | box 7 |
Finished Samples
| Dated Sample Lists (1959-1981) | box 7 |
| Afghanistan – A. Khanoum | box 7 |
| Afghanistan – Deh Morasi and Shamshir Gahr | box 7 |
| Afghanistan – Ghar-I-Mal | box 7 |
| Afghanistan – Kara Kamar | box 7 |
| Arctic – Alaska, Anangula | box 7 |
| Arctic – Alaska (Antigun Site) | box 7 |
| Arctic – Alaska (Camp Site) | box 7 |
| Arctic – Anangula (Aleutians) | box 7 |
| Arctic – Baffin Island | box 7 |
| Arctic – Giddings | box 7 |
| Arctic – Harp | box 7 |
| Arctic – Kodiak Island | box 7 |
| Arctic – Lake Healy (Dixthada) | box 7 |
| Arctic – Miscellaneous (1 of 2) | box 7 |
| Arctic – Miscellaneous (2 of 2) | box 8 |
| Arctic – Old John Lake | box 8 |
| Arctic – Alaska (Frozen Body) | box 8 |
| Arctic – Alaska (Nuk Calculations) | box 8 |
| Arctic--Alaska (Unalakleet) | box 8 |
| Arctic – Archipelago | box 8 |
| Arctic – Beaufort Sea | box 8 |
| Arctic – Jackson Island | box 8 |
| Arctic – St. Lawrence Island | box 8 |
| Arctic – Nova Scotia | box 8 |
| Arctic – Onion Portage (1 of 2) | box 8 |
| Arctic – Onion Portage (2 of 2) | box 8 |
| Argentina | box 8 |
| Argentina – Huchichocana | box 8 |
| Australia – Australian Samples | box 8 |
| Azores---San Miguel | box 8 |
| Belize – Altun Ha | box 8 |
| Belize – Santa Rica Corozal and Nohmul | box 8 |
| Bolivia – Tiwanaku | box 8 |
| Brazil (1 of 2) | box 8 |
| Brazil (2 of 2) | box 8 |
| Brazil – Caracol | box 8 |
| Brazil – Sokotina (Sorasora Mound) | box 9 |
| Cameroon – Be' | box 9 |
| Cameroon – Lake Doulami | box 9 |
| Cameroon--Pouss Mound | box 9 |
| Cameroon – Sumpa Cave | box 9 |
| Chile – Tulor | box 9 |
| Chile – Quebrada, Hipodromo | box 9 |
| China – Ivory Statue | box 9 |
| China – Lohan Man | box 9 |
| Costa Rica | box 9 |
| Cyprus – Alambra | box 9 |
| Cyprus – Cyprus and Crete | box 9 |
| Cyprus – Dhali Agridhi | box 9 |
| Cyprus – Kalavasos (1977) | box 9 |
| Cyprus – Kalavasos (Neolithic) | box 9 |
| Cyprus – Kyrenia (wreck) | box 9 |
| Cyprus – Phaneromeni | box 9 |
| Czech Republic – Bohemia | box 9 |
| Czech Republic – Valca | box 9 |
| Ecuador – Anllulla, Hacienda Ayalon | box 9 |
| Egypt (1974-1975) | box 9 |
| Egypt | box 9 |
| Egypt – Abydos | box 9 |
| Egypt – Dra Abu El Naga and Mummies | box 9 |
| Egypt – East Karnak | box 9 |
| Egypt – Luxor (Animal) | box 9 |
| Egypt – Malkata | box 9 |
| Egypt – Mummies | box 9 |
| Egypt – Nile Delta | box 9 |
| Egypt – Summaries and Correspondence | box 9 |
| Egypt – Toronto General Hospital | box 9 |
| El Salvador – El Trapiche, Chalchuapa | box 10 |
| Ethiopia – Axum | box 10 |
| Finland – Helsinki (geological) | box 10 |
| Ghana – Gao Lagoon | box 10 |
| Greece – Akrotiri, Thera (Doumas) | box 10 |
| Greece – Akrotiri, Thera (Marinatos) 1968-1971 | box 10 |
| Greece – Athenian Agora | box 10 |
| Greece – Ayios Stephanos | box 10 |
| Greece – Chios and Pylos | box 10 |
| Greece – Franchthi Cave (Correspondence) | box 10 |
| Greece – Franchthi Cave (1 of 2) | box 10 |
| Greece – Franchthi Cave (2 of 2) | box 10 |
| Greece – Halieis (Porte Cheli) | box 10 |
| Greece – Kato Zakro Pomerance | box 10 |
| Greece – Kea | box 10 |
| Greece – Kea (Ayia Irini) | box 10 |
| Greece – Koila Cave and Porto Cheli | box 10 |
| Greece – Konkounanes Paros | box 10 |
| Greece – Portocheli | box 10 |
| Greece – Pyrgos, Myrtos | box 10 |
| Greece – Saliagos | box 10 |
| Greece – Thera (1976-1978) | box 10 |
| Greece-- Thera (1978) | box 10 |
| Greece – Thera (geological) | box 10 |
| Greece – Thessaly | box 11 |
| Greece – Crete, Knossos | box 11 |
| Greece – Crete, Knossos (Dr. Popham) | box 11 |
| Greece – Crete, Knossos (M.S.F Hood) | box 11 |
| Greece – Lefkandi | box 11 |
| Greece – Lerna and Eutresis | box 11 |
| Greece – Marathon | box 11 |
| Greece – Mycenae | box 11 |
| Greece – Nea Nikomedeia | box 11 |
| Greece – Perakhora | box 11 |
| Greece – Sesklo | box 11 |
| Greece – Thebes | box 11 |
| Greece – Thera | box 11 |
| Greece – Voidokolia, Pylos | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Alta Verapaz (Sakajut) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Los Mangales, El Porton | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Peten, Cenote | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Quirigua (1977) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Quirigua (1979) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Salama Valley (Las Tunas) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Tikal (1959- 1960) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Tikal (1962- 1963) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Tikal (1965) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Tikal (1966) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Tikal (1968) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Tikal (1973) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Tikal (1977) | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Tikal Charcoals | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Tikal Structure 10 | box 11 |
| Guatemala – Partial Summaries 1976 | box 11 |
| Haiti – Santa Maria | box 11 |
| Hawaii – Davenport | box 11 |
| Honduras – Isla de Roatan, Port Royal | box 11 |
| Honduras – (Playa de los Muertos) | box 12 |
| Iceland – Icelandic Highlands | box 12 |
| India – India (1 of 2) | box 12 |
| India – India (2 of 2) | box 12 |
| India – Kayatha | box 12 |
| India – Nagaland | box 12 |
| Iran – Belt Cave | box 12 |
| Iran – Chogha Mish | box 12 |
| Iran – Dinkha Tepe | box 12 |
| Iran – Eshkaft -E- Gaui | box 12 |
| Iran – Gani Daren Tepe | box 12 |
| Iran – Godin Tepe | box 12 |
| Iran – Haftavan Tepe | box 12 |
| Iran – Hajji Firuz | box 12 |
| Iran – Hasanlu, etc. Summary | box 12 |
| Iran – Hasanlu (Dyson) | box 12 |
| Iran – Hasanlu Project (1 of 2) | box 12 |
| Iran – Hasanlu Project (2 of 2) | box 12 |
| Iran – Hotu Cave | box 12 |
| Iran – Near East (Not Including Hasanlu) | box 12 |
| Iran – Tepe Hissar (Dyson) (1 of 2) | box 12 |
| Iran – Tepe Hissar (Dyson) (2 of 2) | box 12 |
| Iran – Qabr Sheykheyn, Khuzistan | box 12 |
| Iran – Sang-i-Dakhtar | box 12 |
| Iran – Shar-i-Sokhta (Dyson) | box 13 |
| Iran – Shar-i-Sokhta (Tosi) | box 13 |
| Iran – Sharafabad | box 13 |
| Iran – Tal-i-Iblis | box 13 |
| Iran – Tali-Kure, Marn Dasht, Fars | box 13 |
| Iran – Tell es Siwwan | box 13 |
| Iran – Tepe Malyan | box 13 |
| Iran – Tepe Malyan (Sumners) | box 13 |
| Iran – Yanik Tepe | box 13 |
| Iran – Ziwiyeh | box 13 |
| Iraq – Kish | box 13 |
| Iraq--(Matson) | box 13 |
| Iraq – (Matson Samples) | box 13 |
| Iraq – Nippur | box 13 |
| Iraq – Nippur (Inanna Temple) | box 13 |
| Iraq – Tell Abu Salabikh | box 13 |
| Iraq – Ur | box 13 |
| Ireland – Ballymakeera | box 13 |
| Ireland – Dun Ailinne, Narraghmore | box 13 |
| Ireland – Reask, Co. Kerry | box 13 |
| Israel – -AI | box 13 |
| Israel – Arad | box 13 |
| Israel – Arad (R. Amiran) | box 13 |
| Israel – Atlit | box 13 |
| Israel – Haifa | box 13 |
| Israel – (Jericho) | box 13 |
| Israel – Tel Qiri | box 13 |
| Italy – Casalini | box 13 |
| Italy – Casa San Paola | box 13 |
| Italy – Cosa, Ansedonia (1971-1972) | box 13 |
| Italy – Franavilla | box 13 |
| Italy – Populonia | box 13 |
| Italy – Sardinia (Balmuth) | box 13 |
| Italy – Straits of Messina | box 13 |
| Italy – Sybaris | box 13 |
| Italy – Calabria | box 14 |
| Italy – Cosa | box 14 |
| Italy – Orsanmichele | box 14 |
| Italy – Populonia | box 14 |
| Italy – Salerno-Galli Islands | box 14 |
| Italy – Sardinia | box 14 |
| Italy – Sele | box 14 |
| Italy – Sicily (Grotta Dell' Uzzo) | box 14 |
| Italy – Throckmorton (sunken ships) | box 14 |
| Japan – Hamanasumo, Hokkaido | box 14 |
| Jordan – Bab-edh-Dhra | box 14 |
| Jordan – Baq'ah Valley | box 14 |
| Jordan – Beidha | box 14 |
| Jordan – El Jib | box 14 |
| Jordan – Numeira | box 14 |
| Jordan – Tell es Sa'idyeh | box 14 |
| Jordan – Tell Siran | box 14 |
| Kenya- Lake Turkana | box 14 |
| Kuwait – (Failaka Island) | box 14 |
| Lebanon – Sarafand | box 14 |
| Lebanon – Sarafand (Ancient Sarepta) | box 14 |
| Mediteranean – Mediteranean Paper (Gordion, et.al.) | box 14 |
| Mexico – Palenque | box 14 |
| Mexico – El Tajin | box 14 |
| Mexico – El Tigre, Campeche | box 14 |
| Oman-- Ras'al Ramra | box 14 |
| Pacific – British Solomon Island | box 14 |
| Pacific – Fotoruma Cave, Guadacanal | box 14 |
| Pacific – New Hebrides | box 14 |
| Pakistan | box 14 |
| Pakistan – Aligrama | box 14 |
| Pakistan – Allahdino | box 14 |
| Pakistan – Bir-kot-Ghundai | box 14 |
| Pakistan – Jalipur, Rama Ghundai | box 15 |
| Pakistan – Jhukar | box 15 |
| Pakistan – Loebanr III | box 15 |
| Pakistan – Mohenjo-Daro | box 15 |
| Pakistan – Gumla | box 15 |
| Peru – Andean Samples | box 15 |
| Peru – Cerro De Los Cementerios | box 15 |
| Peru – Chilca Canyon | box 15 |
| Peru – Coastal, Ica and Nasca Valleys | box 15 |
| Peru – (Karen Mohr Chavez) | box 15 |
| Peru – Paraiso | box 15 |
| Peru – Rio Nazaratique | box 15 |
| Puerto Rico – Las Flores, Coamo | box 15 |
| Russia – Uniform Tubes | box 15 |
| Saudi Arabia | box 15 |
| Senegal – Kagnout | box 15 |
| Serbia- Lipinski Vir | box 15 |
| Somaliland – Galla Graves | box 15 |
| Spain – Alexandres Cave | box 15 |
| Spain – Balearics | box 15 |
| Spain – Canet Cave | box 15 |
| Sudan – Soleb Necropolis | box 15 |
| Switzerland | box 15 |
| Sumatra – Tianko Panjang Cave | box 15 |
| Syria – Ras Shamra | box 15 |
| Syria – Syrian Samples | box 15 |
| Syria – Selenkahiye | box 15 |
| Syria – Tell es Sweyhat | box 15 |
| Syria – Tell Hadidi | box 15 |
| Syria – Tell Mureybat | box 15 |
| Sri Lanka – Kantarodai | box 16 |
| Thailand- 1970 | box 16 |
| Thailand – Ban Chiang (Gorman 1974-75) | box 16 |
| Thailand – Ban Chiang (1975) | box 16 |
| Thailand – Ban Phak Top | box 16 |
| Thailand – Ban Tong | box 16 |
| Thailand – Chansen Village | box 16 |
| Thailand – Don Klang | box 16 |
| Thailand – Phulon | box 16 |
| Turkey – Acemhöyük | box 16 |
| Turkey – Alaca Hüyük | box 16 |
| Turkey – Aphrodisias | box 16 |
| Turkey – Asikli Hüyük (Todd) | box 16 |
| Turkey – Beycesultan | box 16 |
| Turkey – Can Hasan | box 16 |
| Turkey – Cankiri, Inanduk | box 16 |
| Turkey – Catal Hüyük (1 of 2) | box 16 |
| Turkey – Catal Hüyük (2 of 2) | box 16 |
| Turkey – Deragži | box 16 |
| Turkey – Ergani Cumine | box 16 |
| Turkey – Ergani Maden | box 16 |
| Turkey – Gedikli (Karah Üyük) | box 16 |
| Turkey – Gordion | box 16 |
| Turkey – Karatas-Semayük | box 16 |
| Turkey – Korucu Tepe – Euphrates Dam | box 16 |
| Turkey – Mt. Ararat | box 17 |
| Turkey – Sakyol, Pulur | box 17 |
| Turkey – Suberde | box 17 |
| Turkey – Sunken Ships | box 17 |
| Turkmenia – Tosi-Jebel (Cave) | box 17 |
| Turkey – Troy | box 17 |
| Turkey – Yassi Ada (Bass Shipwreck) | box 17 |
| USA—Arizona, Havasu (geology) 1970-1973 | box 17 |
| USA---Arizona, Havasu Canyon (Giegengack) | box 17 |
| USA – Boston | box 17 |
| USA – Carnegie Mellon Institute of Research | box 17 |
| USA – Cleveland Museum of Art | box 17 |
| USA – Delaware Sites | box 17 |
| USA – Geological Dating | box 17 |
| USA – Giegengack | box 17 |
| USA---Maryland/Virginia Assateague Island | box 17 |
| USA---Massachusetts-USS Constitution | box 17 |
| USA – New Jersey-Ocean City | box 17 |
| USA--New Jersey – Savidge Farm | box 17 |
| USA--New York State – Dutchess Quarry (1979) | box 17 |
| USA--New York State – Far Farms | box 17 |
| USA--Pennsylvania – Fort Hill | box 17 |
| USA--Northeast Pennsylvania – Dugout Cave | box 17 |
| USA--Pennsylvania – Philadelphia (Subway tree) | box 17 |
| USA--Pennsylvania – Sandts Eddy | box 17 |
| USA – Puerco Indian Ruin | box 17 |
| USA--Texas – (El Paso) | box 17 |
| USA--Vermont – Elephant Hill | box 17 |
| USA--Wisconsin – Barbara Mead | box 17 |
| USA--Wisconsin – (Mead and Freeman) | box 17 |
| Scintillator – Dr. Mann (Physics) | box 17 |
| Venezuela | box 17 |
| Venezuela – Caracas-Cruxent | box 17 |
| Venezuela – El Ranchon | box 17 |
| Venezuela – El Tiestal | box 17 |
| Venezuela – (Giegengack) | box 17 |
| West Africa--Mali | box 17 |
Publications
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates I (1955), III (1959), IV (1961), V (1962) | box 17 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates VI (1963), VII (1965), VIII (1965) | box 17 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates IX (1966), X (1967) | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XI (1969), XII, (1969), XIII (1970) | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XIV (1971), XV (1973) | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XVI (1974), XVII (1974), XVIII (1975) | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XIX (1977), XX (1978) | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XXI (1981), XXII (1984) | box 18 |
| Radiocarbon Volume XXIV, "Calibration of Radiocarbon Dates" (Jeffrey Klein, J.C. Lerman, P.E. Damon, E.K. Ralph) 1982 | box 18 |
| "Calibration of Radiocarbon Dates" (Jeffrey Klein, J.C. Lerman, P.E. Damon, E.K. Ralph) 1982 (rough copy) | box 18 |
| 1955-1959 | box 18 |
| 1960-1962. | box 18 |
| 1965 | box 18 |
| 1967 | box 18 |
| 1969 | box 18 |
| 1972 | box 18 |
| 1974-1975 | box 18 |
| 1976. | box 18 |
| 1978-1980. | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates I (1955), III (1959), IV (1961), V (1962) | |
|---|---|
| I February 1, 1955 | box 17 |
| III 1959 | box 17 |
| IV 1961 | box 17 |
| V 1962 | box 17 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates VI (1963), VII (1965), VIII (1965) | |
|---|---|
| VI 1963 | box 17 |
| VII 1965 | box 17 |
| VIII 1965 | box 17 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates IX (1966), X (1967) | |
|---|---|
| IX 1966 | box 18 |
| X 1967 | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XI (1969), XII, (1969), XIII (1970) | |
|---|---|
| XI 1969 | box 18 |
| XII 1969 | box 18 |
| XIII 1970 | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XIV (1971), XV (1973) | |
|---|---|
| XIV 1971 ` | box 18 |
| XV 1973 | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XVI (1974), XVII (1974), XVIII (1975) | |
|---|---|
| XVI 1974 | box 18 |
| XVII 1974 | box 18 |
| XVIII 1975 | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XIX (1977), XX (1978) | |
|---|---|
| XIX 1977 | box 18 |
| XX 1978 | box 18 |
| University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XXI (1981), XXII (1984) | |
|---|---|
| XXI 1981 | box 18 |
| XXII 1984 | box 18 |
| 1955-1959 | |
|---|---|
| "Radiocarbon Dates For Kara Kumar, Afghanistan..." 1955 | box 18 |
| "Dating of Pottery by Thermoluminescence" 1956 | box 18 |
| "C14 Dating" 1956 | box 18 |
| 1960-1962 | |
|---|---|
| "Carbon 14 Measurements of Known age Samples" 1960 | box 18 |
| "New Radiocarbon Dates and the Maya Correlation Problem" 1960 | box 18 |
| "C-14 Dates for Sites in the Mediterranean Area" 1961 | box 18 |
| "New Instrumentation Techniques for Archaeologists" 1962 | box 18 |
| "Radiocarbon Dating in the Arctic" 1959 | box 18 |
| 1965 | |
|---|---|
| "Comparison of a Proton and a Rubidium Magnetometer..." | box 18 |
| "Review of Radiocarbon Dates From Tikal and the Mayan..." | box 18 |
| "The Electronic Detective..." | box 18 |
| 1967 | |
|---|---|
| "Problems of a Radiocarbon Calendar" | box 18 |
| "Search for a City Buried 2700 Years" | box 18 |
| 1969 | |
|---|---|
| "Potential of Thermoluminescence in Supplementing..." | box 18 |
| "Radiocarbon Variations and Absolute Chronology" | box 18 |
| "Correction Factors Applied to Egyptian Radiocarbon..." | box 18 |
| Nobel Symposium Discussion 8/15/1969, "Thermoluminescence Dating of Pottery" | box 18 |
| 1972 | |
|---|---|
| Proceedings 8th International Conference on Radiocarbon Dating Wellington, New Zealand 1972 (2 vol.) | box 18 |
| "Tree Rings and Carbon 14 Scale" (rough copy, n.d.) | box 18 |
| 1974-1975 | |
|---|---|
| "Radiocarbon Dates and Reality" 1974 | box 18 |
| "Radiocarbon Variations and Their Causes" 1974 (Nagata conference) | box 18 |
| "Composite Computer Plots of C14 Dates for Three-Ring..." 1974 | box 18 |
| "Twenty-five Years of Radiocarbon Dating" 1974 | box 18 |
| "Radiocarbon Dating" 1975 | box 18 |
| 1976 | |
|---|---|
| "The Chronometric Gap from Jomon..." | box 18 |
| 1978-1980 | |
|---|---|
| "Radiocarbon Dates From the Site of Akrotiri, Thera..." 1978 | box 18 |
| "Thera and the Aegean World II" 1980 | box 18 |
Notebooks
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-1 to P-122 | box 19 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-123 to P-243 | box 19 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-244 to P-361 | box 19 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-362 to P-481 | box 19 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-482 to P-602 | box 19 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-603 to P-800 | box 19 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-801 to P-896 | box 19 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-897 to P-1016 | box 19 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-1017 to P-1212 | box 19 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-1213 to P-1408 | box 20 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-1409 to P-1527 | box 20 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-1528 to P-1669 (Nov. 17, 1968 - Apr. 1970) | box 20 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-1670 to P-1789 (Apr. 9, 1970 - May 18, 1971) | box 20 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-1790 to P-1909 (5/19/71 - 7/14/72) | box 20 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-1910 to P-2028 | box 20 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-2029 to P-2149 | box 20 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-2150 to P-2263 | box 20 |
| Samples and Descriptions- Samples P-2264 to P-2387 | box 20 |
| Samples and Descriptions Samples P-2388 to P-2506 | box 20 |
| Samples and Descriptions Samples P-2507 to P-2626 | box 21 |
| Samples and Descriptions Samples P-2627 to P-2742 | box 21 |
| Samples and Descriptions Samples P-2743 to P-2857 | box 21 |
| Samples and Descriptions Samples P-2858 to P-2971 | box 21 |
| Samples and Descriptions Samples P-2972 to P-3091 | box 21 |
| Samples and Descriptions Samples P-3092 to P-3211 | box 21 |
| Samples and Descriptions Samples P-3212 to P-3329 | box 21 |
| Samples and Descriptions Samples P-3330 to P-3447 | box 21 |
| Samples and Descriptions Samples P-3448 to P-3512 | box 21 |
| Counter I, Book I — Counter & Associated Data 1/26/52–4/21/52 | box 22 |
| Counter I, Book II 4/18/52–9/24/52 | box 22 |
| Counter I, Book IV — Misc. Experiments 12/2/52–1/25/55 | box 22 |
| Counter I, Book III 9/25/52–4/16/53 | box 22 |
| Counter I, Book V — Counting Data 4/23/53–7/13/54 | box 22 |
| Counter I, Book VI — Counting Data 3/26/54–9/20/55 | box 22 |
| Counter I, Book VII 7/14/54–3/19/55 | box 22 |
| Counter I, Book VIII 3/21/55–12/3/55 | box 22 |
| Counter I, Book IX 1/5/55–12/14/56 | box 22 |
| Counter I, Book X 12/11/56–6/8/57 | box 23 |
| Counter I, Book XI Neutron Counter 5/14/57–8/24/62 | box 23 |
| Counter I, Book XII 12/11/57–4/21/58 | box 23 |
| Counter I, Book XIII 4/22/58–10/7/58 | box 23 |
| Counter I, Book XIV 10/7/58–4/21/59 | box 23 |
| Counter I, Book XV 4/21/59–10/12/59 | box 24 |
| Counter I, Book XVI 10/12/59–3/18/60 | box 24 |
| Counter I, Book XVII 3/18/60–8/19/60 | box 24 |
| Counter I, Book XVIII 8/19/60–6/16/61 | box 24 |
| Counter I, Book XIX 6/15/61–11/10/61 | box 24 |
| Counter I, Book XX 11/10/61-6/14/62 | box 25 |
| Counter I, Book XXI 6/14/62–8/29/62 | box 25 |
| Counter I, Book XXII 8/29/62–1/24/63 | box 25 |
| Counter I, Book XXIII 1/24/63–5/17/63 | box 25 |
| Counter I, Book XXIV 5/17/63–9/10/63 | box 25 |
| Counter I, Book XXV 9/10/63– 1/64 | box 26 |
| Counter I, Book XXVI 1/64–6/19/64 | box 26 |
| Counter I, Book XXVII 6/19/64–11/16/64 | box 26 |
| Counter I, Book XXVIII 11/16/64–3/17/65 | box 26 |
| Counter I, Book XXIX 3/17/65–7/9/65 | box 26 |
| Counter I, Book XXX 7/12/65–11/22/65 | box 26 |
| Counter I, Book XXXI 11/22/65–4/15/66 | box 27 |
| Counter I, Book XXXII 4/15–9/29/66 | box 27 |
| Counter I, Book XXXIII 8/29/66–1/31/67 | box 27 |
| Counter I, Book XXXIV 1/31/67–6/26/67 | box 27 |
| Counter I, Book XXXV 6/26/67–1/19/68 | box 27 |
| Counter I, Book XXXVI 1/19/68–10/3/68 | box 27 |
| Counter I, Book XXXVII 10/3/68– 7/8/69 | box 28 |
| Counter I, Book XXXVIII 7/8/68–3/16/70 | box 28 |
| Counter I, Book XXXIX 3/16/70–2/18/71 | box 28 |
| Counter I, Book XL 2/18/71–12/6/71 | box 29 |
| Counter I, Book XLI 12/6/71–9/29/72 | box 29 |
| Counter I, Book XLII 9/29/72–4/25/73 | box 29 |
| Counter I, Book XLIII 4/25/73–11/19/73 | box 29 |
| Counter I, Book XLIV 11/19/73–12/20/74 | box 30 |
| Counter I, Book XLV 12/20/74–12/22/75 | box 30 |
| Counter I, Book XLVI 12/22/75–11/30/76 | box 30 |
| Counter I, Book XLVII 11/30/76–6/21/82 | box 31 |
| Counter I, Book XLVIII 6/22/82–2/27/84 | box 31 |
| Counter I, Book XLIX 2/27/84–8/7/84 | box 31 |
| Counter II, Book I NSF II 8/15/57–3/30/59 | box 31 |
| Counter II, Book II NSF 3/30/59–2/1/60 | box 32 |
| Counter II, Book III 2/1/60–9/9/60 | box 32 |
| Counter II, Book IV 9/9/60–7/28/61 | box 32 |
| Counter IV, Book NSF V 8/1/61–5/10/62 | box 32 |
| Counter IV, Book VI 5/10/62–9/5/62 | box 32 |
| Counter IV, Book VII 9/5/62–1/31/63 | box 32 |
| Counter IV, Book VIII 1/31/63–6/25/63 | box 33 |
| Counter IV, Book IX 8/6/63–12/18/63 | box 33 |
| Counter IV, Book X 12/18/63–5/4/64 | box 33 |
| Counter IV, Book XI 5/4/64–9/28/64 | box 33 |
| Counter IV, Book XII 9/28/64–2/17/65 | box 33 |
| Counter IV, Book XIII 2/18/65–7/12/65 | box 33 |
| Counter IV, Book XIV 7/12/65–12/12/65 | box 33 |
| Counter IV, Book XV 12/14/65–5/3/66 | box 34 |
| Counter IV, Book XVI 5/3/66–3/1/67 | box 34 |
| Counter IV, Book XVII 3/2/67–8/21/67 | box 34 |
| Counter IV, Book XVIII 8/21/67–3/12/68 | box 34 |
| Counter IV, Book XIX 3/12/68–10/31/68 | box 34 |
| Counter IV, Book XX 10/31/68–12/4/69 | box 35 |
| Counter IV & Counter II Book XXI 12/4/69–12/15/70 | box 35 |
| Counter II, Book XXII 12/15/70–7/28/71 | box 35 |
| Counter II, Book XXIII 7/28/71–11/16/71 | box 35 |
| Counter II, Book XXIV 11/16/71–4/14/72 | box 36 |
| Counter II, Book XXV 4/14/72–6/22/72 | box 36 |
| Counter II, Book XXVI 6/22/72–3/2/73 | box 36 |
| Counter II, Book XXVII 3/2/73–9/19/73 | box 36 |
| Counter II, Book XXVIII 9/19/73–8/7/74 | box 36 |
| Counter II, Book XXIX 8/7/74–9/14/77 | box 37 |
| Counter II, Book XXX 9/14/77–10/17/78 | box 37 |
| Counter II, Book XXXI 10/17/78–8/9/79 | box 37 |
| Counter II, Book XXXII 8/9/79–7/9/80 | box 38 |
| Counter II, Book XXXIII 7/9/80–3/3/81 | box 38 |
| Counter II, Book XXXIV 3/3/81–11/11/81 | box 38 |
| Counter II, Book XXXV 11/11/81–8/4/82 | box 38 |
| Counter II, Book XXXVI 8/4/82–12/7/84 | box 39 |
| Counter II, Book XXXVII 12/7/84–7/1/85 | box 39 |
| Counter V, Book A 12/20/74–3/26/75 | box 39 |
| Counter V, Book II 3/26/75–5/13/75 | box 39 |
| Counter V, (Book III) 1/7/76–11/7/77 | box 40 |
| Counter V, (Book IV) 11/8/77–5/27/81 | box 40 |
| Counter V, (Book V ) 5/27/81–1/21/82 | box 40 |
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